What is the ruling on wiping over socks during wuḍūʾ?

The socks commonly worn today are not valid for wiping over in ablution, because they do not fulfill the conditions required of leather socks [khuffayn] or of the type of socks that constituted the prevailing custom in the Prophetic era. Whoever wipes over such thin socks, therefore, does not have a valid wuḍūʾ, nor a valid prayer, nor a valid leading of prayer.

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